Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Implementation of Non-invasive Point of Care Transient Elastography for Evaluation of Liver Disease in Pediatric Populations with Cystic Fibrosis
05:56

Implementation of Non-invasive Point of Care Transient Elastography for Evaluation of Liver Disease in Pediatric Populations with Cystic Fibrosis

Published on: August 29, 2025

583

Prognosis of Periodic and Rhythmic Patterns in Adult and Pediatric Populations

Dalila W Lewis1, Emily L Johnson

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society
|July 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Periodic and rhythmic patterns in electroencephalography (EEG) have different prognostic implications in children versus adults. Pediatric patients with generalized periodic discharges often have better outcomes, particularly when linked to refractory status epilepticus.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Neurophysiology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Electrographic seizures impact clinical prognosis, but periodic and rhythmic patterns require further characterization.
  • Adult outcomes with these EEG patterns are generally poor, unlike in pediatric populations.
  • Etiologies of periodic and rhythmic patterns differ between adult and pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical outcomes associated with periodic and rhythmic EEG patterns in pediatric versus adult populations.
  • To investigate the influence of underlying etiologies on patient prognosis.
  • To clarify the prognostic significance of generalized periodic discharges in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of electroencephalography (EEG) findings in adult and pediatric patient cohorts.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes correlated with periodic and rhythmic EEG patterns.
  • Comparison of etiologies associated with these patterns across age groups.

Main Results:

  • In adults, generalized periodic discharges are linked to toxic-metabolic issues, infection, and anoxic injury, with 30-64% experiencing poor outcomes.
  • In pediatric patients, generalized periodic discharges are more frequently associated with refractory status epilepticus.
  • Pediatric patients with generalized periodic discharges show good outcomes in 50-77% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • The prognostic value of periodic and rhythmic EEG patterns differs significantly between pediatric and adult populations.
  • Refractory status epilepticus is a common etiology for generalized periodic discharges in children, often with favorable outcomes.
  • Underlying etiology is a critical determinant of morbidity and mortality in patients with periodic or rhythmic EEG patterns.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Venous Waveforms in Porcine Models to Tackle Volume Overload in Medicine06:09

Author Spotlight: Exploring Venous Waveforms in Porcine Models to Tackle Volume Overload in Medicine

Published on: January 12, 2024

1.0K
Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

18.6K

Related Concept Videos

The Periodic Table03:25

The Periodic Table

As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
116.5K
Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
59.3K
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
17.4K
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
64.8K
Population Growth00:57

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
28.7K
Effective Value of a Periodic Waveform01:07

Effective Value of a Periodic Waveform

The concept of effective value, the root mean square (RMS) value, is crucial in understanding electrical circuits and power delivery. This idea emerges from the necessity to measure the effectiveness of a voltage or current source in supplying power to a resistive load.
The effective value of a periodic current represents the direct current (DC) that conveys the same average power to a resistor as the periodic current itself. This concept is crucial when assessing AC circuits. To determine the...
1.2K