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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
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A new method for measuring thyroid hormones using nano-LC-MS/MS.

Suvi Ruuskanen1, Bin-Yan Hsu1, Arttu Heinonen2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
|July 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new nano-LC-MS/MS method accurately measures low concentrations of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3), crucial for growth and metabolism. This sensitive technique is vital for research with limited sample volumes, such as in animal models and wild species.

Keywords:
3,3′,5-TriiodothyronineNano-LC-MS/MSThyroid hormonesThyroxineValidation

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate critical biological processes including metabolism, growth, and development.
  • Existing analytical methods for THs often lack the sensitivity required for small sample volumes common in animal and ecophysiological research.
  • Sensitive quantification of THs is essential for biomedical, toxicological, and ecophysiological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, highly sensitive nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) method for quantifying low concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3).
  • To validate the method's performance using egg yolk samples and compare it with existing radioimmunoassay techniques.
  • To apply the developed method for analyzing maternal thyroid hormone deposition across multiple avian species.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a nano-LC-MS/MS analytical method utilizing a low flow rate (300 nL/min) to maximize sensitivity.
  • Quantification of thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) in egg yolk samples.
  • Validation of linearity (r > 0.99), repeatability, and reproducibility (CVs < 10%), and comparison with radioimmunoassay (RIA).

Main Results:

  • The nano-LC-MS/MS method achieved limits of quantitation of 10.6 amol for T4 and 17.9 amol for T3.
  • The method demonstrated excellent linearity, repeatability, and reproducibility.
  • Analysis of avian egg yolk samples revealed significant variations in maternal thyroid hormone deposition.

Conclusions:

  • The newly developed nano-LC-MS/MS method provides a highly sensitive and reliable approach for measuring low concentrations of T4 and T3.
  • This method is suitable for diverse research applications, including those with limited sample volumes, across various species.
  • The findings highlight the utility of the method for comparative studies on maternal hormone transfer in avian reproduction.