Maize lateral root developmental plasticity induced by mild water stress. I: Genotypic variation across a...

Lateral root developmental plasticity induced by mild water stress was examined across a high-resolution series of growth media water potentials (Ψ_w ) in two genotypes of maize. The suitability of several media for imposing near-stable Ψ_w treatments on transpiring plants over prolonged growth periods was assessed. Genotypic differences specific to responses of lateral root growth from the primary root system occurred between cultivars FR697 and B73 over a narrow series of water stress treatments ranging in Ψ_w from -0.25 to -0.40 MPa. In FR697, both the average length and number of first-order lateral roots were substantially enhanced at a Ψ_w of -0.25 MPa compared with well-watered controls. These effects were separated spatially, occurring primarily in the upper and lower regions of the axial root, respectively. Furthermore, first-order lateral roots progressively increased in diameter with increasing water stress, resulting in a maximum 2.3-fold increase in root volume at a Ψ_w of -0.40 MPa. In B73, in contrast, the length, diameter, nor number of lateral roots was increased in any of the water stress treatments. The genotype-specific responses observed over this narrow range of Ψ_w demonstrate the necessity of high-resolution studies at mild stress levels for characterization of lateral root developmental plasticity.