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Numerical encoding in early visual cortex.

Nicholas K DeWind1, Joonkoo Park2, Marty G Woldorff3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|July 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that the brain rapidly processes visual number information in early visual cortex, not just later areas. This finding suggests number estimation is a fundamental visual ability encoded at the earliest stages of visual processing.

Keywords:
Early visual cortexIntraparietal areaNumerosity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Numerosity estimation is an evolutionarily ancient ability, crucial for mathematical skills.
  • Previous research implicated the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in number representation.
  • The precise origin of number signals in the visual stream remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether number signals are present in early visual cortex.
  • To determine if number representation originates in low-level visual areas or is propagated from elsewhere.
  • To test the hypothesis of rapid, direct number encoding in the early visual processing stream.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm.
  • Employed stringent stimulus controls to isolate the number signal.
  • Analyzed brain activity in response to visual arrays with varying numerical content.

Main Results:

  • Convergent evidence for a number signal in low-level visual cortex (V1, V2, V3).
  • The identified number signal was independent of array extent, item density, aggregate visual area, item size, coverage proportion, and overall scale.
  • Demonstrated a rapidly instantiated representation of number in early visual processing.

Conclusions:

  • Number is rapidly and directly encoded in early visual processing areas.
  • Challenges the notion that number representation solely originates in higher-level cognitive regions like the IPS.
  • Suggests a fundamental role for early visual cortex in processing numerical information.