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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.5K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
7.8K
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

14.4K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

10.9K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
10.9K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.8K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Ion Channels in Cancer: Characterization and Potential Treatment Approaches
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Ion Channels in Cancer: Characterization and Potential Treatment Approaches

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Ion Channels Regulate Nyctinastic Leaf Opening in Samanea saman.

Takaya Oikawa1, Yasuhiro Ishimaru1, Shintaro Munemasa2

  • 1Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.

Current Biology : CB
|July 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Scientists identified key ion channels, SsSLAH1 and SPORK2, regulating circadian leaf movements in plants. This discovery advances the molecular understanding of nyctinasty in the Fabaceae family.

Keywords:
Samanea samancircadian rhythmion channelnyctinasty

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Expression and Purification of Mammalian Bestrophin Ion Channels
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Expression and Purification of Mammalian Bestrophin Ion Channels
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circadian leaf movements (nyctinasty) in Fabaceae, studied since Darwin's era, are driven by motor cell volume changes.
  • These changes are regulated by osmotic pressure shifts due to ion flow through anion and potassium channels.
  • The specific molecular mechanisms and key regulatory channels involved in nyctinasty remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key ion channels and elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying nyctinasty in mimosoid trees.
  • To investigate the role of specific anion and potassium channels in regulating circadian leaf movements.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of ion channels in Samanea saman using molecular biology techniques.
  • Analysis of cell-specific circadian expression patterns of identified ion channels.
  • Functional validation of ion channel roles in leaf movement, including experiments with impaired Glycine max.

Main Results:

  • Three key ion channels were identified: slow-type anion channels SsSLAH1 and SsSLAH3, and Shaker-type potassium channel SPORK2.
  • Cell-specific circadian expression of SsSLAH1 was found to be crucial for nyctinastic leaf opening.
  • Co-expression of SsSLAH1 and SsSLAH3 in abaxial motor cells promoted leaf opening, and SLAH1 impairment affected leaf movement in Glycine max.

Conclusions:

  • SsSLAH1 acts as a master player in the molecular regulation of nyctinasty.
  • The study significantly advances the understanding of the molecular basis of circadian leaf movements in plants.
  • This research provides a foundation for further investigations into plant circadian biology and ion channel function.