Body dysmorphic disorder in pediatric dermatology.

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Dermatology
• Adolescent Medicine

Background:

• Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder characterized by a preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in physical appearance.
• BDD typically emerges in early adolescence, leading to significant functional impairment and elevated suicidality compared to affected adults.
• Patients may exhibit subthreshold BDD or obsessive concerns related to dermatologic conditions, presenting similarly to BDD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the significant prevalence of BDD and BDD-like symptoms within dermatology patient populations.
• To emphasize the crucial role of pediatric dermatologists in early detection.
• To advocate for improved screening, awareness, and mental health collaboration for timely intervention.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical presentations and prevalence data for BDD in pediatric dermatology settings.
• Analysis of the overlap between BDD, subthreshold BDD, and dermatologic conditions.
• Discussion of the potential impact of increased dermatologist awareness and screening.

Main Results:

• Body dysmorphic disorder-like symptoms may be present in up to 20% of patients seen by pediatric dermatologists.
• Early adolescence is a common onset period for BDD.
• BDD is associated with substantially higher rates of functional impairment and suicidality.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric dermatologists are well-positioned to identify BDD and related symptoms.
• Enhanced awareness, screening tools, and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for early and effective intervention.
• Addressing BDD in dermatology settings can improve patient outcomes and reduce associated risks.