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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Adolescent Mental Health
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Internalizing symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, are common during adolescence.
  • Friendship stability is crucial for adolescent social and emotional development.
  • Previous research has not fully clarified how internalizing symptoms impact friendship longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive relationship between internalizing symptoms and adolescent friendship instability.
  • To determine if individual levels of internalizing symptoms or differences between friends predict friendship dissolution.
  • To explore gender differences in the influence of internalizing symptoms on friendships.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking 499 same-sex friendships originating in seventh grade.
  • Discrete-time survival analyses used to predict friendship dissolution across Grades 8-12.
  • Data collected from peer, teacher, and self-reports of internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety, submissiveness).

Main Results:

  • Differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms between friends predicted subsequent friendship dissolution.
  • For boys, differences in submissiveness also predicted friendship loss.
  • Individual high levels of internalizing symptoms did not predict dissolution.
  • Gender differences were observed in the impact of submissiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Friendship instability linked to internalizing problems arises from dissimilarity between friends.
  • The psychological similarity between friends, rather than individual pathology, is key to friendship stability.
  • Interventions could focus on promoting understanding and managing differences in emotional experiences within friendships.