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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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Objective Assessment of Spasticity With a Method Based on a Human Upper Limb Model.

Wei Sin Ang, Hartmut Geyer, I-Ming Chen

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
    |July 10, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces an objective method using a human upper limb model to assess stroke-related spasticity severity. The model accurately estimates muscle activity and provides a reliable alternative to traditional clinical assessments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Neurorehabilitation
    • Medical Engineering

    Background:

    • Stroke often results in upper limb spasticity, impacting patient mobility and quality of life.
    • Current spasticity assessments, like the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), are subjective and lack quantitative precision.
    • Objective and reliable methods are needed to evaluate spasticity severity for effective treatment planning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate an objective method for assessing upper limb spasticity severity in stroke patients.
    • To quantify spasticity using a human upper limb biomechanical model and the tonic stretch reflex threshold (TSRT).
    • To compare the model's assessment with traditional clinical evaluations.

    Main Methods:

    • A four-segment, four-joint kinematic model of the human upper limb was employed.
    • Joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics from inertial measurement unit (IMU) data.
    • Muscle activations were estimated using a 22-muscle musculoskeletal model, and spasticity was quantified by measuring the TSRT.

    Main Results:

    • Estimated muscle activation profiles showed a high correlation (0.707) with measured electromyography (EMG) signals.
    • The proposed model's spasticity severity rankings were found to be significantly correlated with MAS assessments.
    • The null hypothesis of no correlation between model-based and MAS rankings was convincingly rejected.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed human upper limb model offers an objective and quantitative method for assessing spasticity in stroke survivors.
    • The model's findings suggest its potential as a complementary tool to existing clinical practices.
    • This approach may lead to more precise and consistent spasticity evaluations, aiding in personalized rehabilitation strategies.