Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

826
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
826
Sign Test for Matched Pairs01:17

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

419
The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
419
Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs01:09

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

501
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...
501
Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

3.3K
Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
3.3K
Testes: Histology01:27

Testes: Histology

3.0K
A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
3.0K
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

6.3K
A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The impact of long-term social housing on biconditional association task performance and neuron ensembles in the anterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampal CA3 region of aged rats.

Aging·2025
Same author

The 3D Vertical Maze: A new model system for studying the interactions between social and spatial cognition.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2025
Same author

A matter of complexity? The role of the dorsal posterior parietal cortex in processing changes in spatial information across time.

Behavioral neuroscience·2025
Same author

Attentional processing in the rat dorsal posterior parietal cortex.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2024
Same author

Information transfer from spatial to social distance in rats: implications for the role of the posterior parietal cortex in spatial-social integration.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Elephant TP53-RETROGENE 9 induces transcription-independent apoptosis at the mitochondria.

Cell death discovery·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

7.7K

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats.

Keith A Lee1, Aidan J Preston1, Taylor B Wise1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Providence College.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|July 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rats demonstrate metamemory by selectively avoiding memory tests when uncertain, indicating an ability to assess memory strength. This research adapts primate tests for odor-based rodent studies.

More Related Videos

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice
06:41

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice

Published on: May 5, 2015

18.9K
Electroantennography-based Bio-hybrid Odor-detecting Drone using Silkmoth Antennae for Odor Source Localization
06:00

Electroantennography-based Bio-hybrid Odor-detecting Drone using Silkmoth Antennae for Odor Source Localization

Published on: August 27, 2021

6.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

7.7K
Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice
06:41

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice

Published on: May 5, 2015

18.9K
Electroantennography-based Bio-hybrid Odor-detecting Drone using Silkmoth Antennae for Odor Source Localization
06:00

Electroantennography-based Bio-hybrid Odor-detecting Drone using Silkmoth Antennae for Odor Source Localization

Published on: August 27, 2021

6.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Animal Behavior
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Metamemory, the ability to assess memory strength, is crucial for adaptive behavior.
  • Investigating metamemory in non-human animals offers insights into the evolution of cognitive control.
  • Previous studies primarily used visual tasks in primates, limiting rodent research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of metamemory in rats using an olfactory-based behavioral task.
  • To adapt the delayed-match-to-sample (DMTS) paradigm for rodent olfactory discrimination.
  • To establish an operational definition of metamemory in rats based on their ability to distinguish memory presence from absence.

Main Methods:

  • Rats performed an odor-based delayed-match-to-sample (DMTS) task with a 'decline-test' option.
  • Sample odors were presented via digging in scented sand, followed by a delay.
  • Choice trials offered a decline option (smaller reward) or a memory test (larger reward if correct).
  • Forced trials required a choice without the decline option to assess baseline performance.

Main Results:

  • Rats selectively utilized the decline option when memory accuracy was predicted to be low.
  • Performance on chosen tests (where rats opted to take the test) was significantly higher than on forced trials.
  • This differential responding suggests rats could discriminate between trials where they remembered and where they forgot.

Conclusions:

  • Rats exhibit metamemory, demonstrating the ability to assess their own memory states.
  • The olfactory DMTS task with a decline option is a viable paradigm for studying rodent metacognition.
  • Findings suggest that metacognitive abilities may be more widespread across species than previously thought.