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Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?

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Shooters exhibit higher blood lead levels (BLL) and aggression than archers. Elevated BLLs in shooters are linked to increased hostility, suggesting a need for lead exposure prevention and screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neurotoxicology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Lead exposure is a known risk factor for psycho-neurological disorders.
  • Elevated blood lead levels (BLL) have been previously observed in individuals participating in shooting sports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between blood lead levels and aggression in shooters.
  • To compare BLL and aggression levels between shooters and archers.

Main Methods:

  • An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Gauteng, South Africa.
  • 118 participants (87 shooters, 31 archers) were recruited from shooting and archery ranges.
  • Aggressiveness was assessed using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; BLLs were measured.

Main Results:

  • Shooters presented significantly higher BLLs than archers (79.8% vs 22.6% with BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL, p < 0.001).
  • Shooters reported significantly higher aggression scores overall (p < 0.05), excluding verbal aggression.
  • Shooters with BLLs ≥ 10 μg/dL showed a significant association with the hostility sub-scale (aOR 2.83, p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Shooters demonstrate elevated BLLs and aggression compared to archers.
  • Higher BLLs in shooters are specifically associated with increased hostility.
  • Interventions to mitigate lead exposure and routine screening for at-risk populations are recommended.