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Reproductive performance of Ankole cattle and its crossbreds in Rwanda.

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Ankole cattle crossbreds show varied reproductive success. Crossbreeding improved conception rates but prolonged intervals like calving to first insemination (CFI) and calving interval (CI) in purebred Ankole cattle.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Livestock Management

Background:

  • Ankole cattle are indigenous to Africa, with limited data on their reproductive efficiency.
  • Crossbreeding is a common strategy to improve livestock productivity and adaptability.
  • Understanding reproductive traits is crucial for optimizing cattle breeding programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the reproductive performance of purebred Ankole cattle.
  • To assess the reproductive performance of Ankole cattle crossbred with Friesian, Jersey, and Sahiwal breeds.
  • To identify breed group and seasonal effects on key reproductive parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected on reproductive traits: calving to first insemination (CFI), calving to last insemination (CLI), conception rate (CR), number of inseminations (NINS), and calving interval (CI).
  • Statistical analysis to determine the significance of breed group and season of calving/insemination on reproductive traits.
  • Comparison of performance metrics across different breed groups (Ankole, AF, AJ, AS, FF).

Main Results:

  • Breed group significantly affected all traits except NINS (P < 0.05).
  • Season of calving influenced CFI, CLI, and CI; season of insemination affected CR.
  • Ankole-Friesian (AF) exhibited better CR than purebred Ankole and Ankole-Sahiwal (AS). Ankole-Jersey-Sahiwal (AJxS) and Ankole-Jersey (AJ) had higher CR than AS.
  • Purebred Ankole and AF showed longer CFI and CLI compared to AJ, AS, and Friesian-Friesian (FF).
  • Ankole cattle had a 54-day longer CI than all crossbreds combined.

Conclusions:

  • Crossbreeding Ankole cattle, particularly with Jersey and Friesian, can enhance conception rates.
  • Purebred Ankole cattle exhibit longer calving intervals and delayed returns to estrus post-calving.
  • Effective postpartum anestrus management, including nutrition and calf suckling control, is essential for improving reproductive efficiency in Ankole cattle and their crosses.