Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective multi-center study
Anjali D Amarapurkar1, Deepak N Amarapurkar2, Pravin Rathi3
1Department of Pathology, Topiwala National Medical College and B Y L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India. anjali1963@gmail.com.
Summary
Environmental factors and lifestyle choices significantly influence inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk. Higher education, income, and appendectomy history are linked to increased IBD, while vegetarian diets may be protective for ulcerative colitis.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Environmental factors are increasingly recognized as contributors to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence.
- Understanding population-specific risk factors is crucial given the rising global prevalence of IBD.
- This study investigates environmental and lifestyle-related risk factors for IBD in western India.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and evaluate key risk factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a western Indian population.
- To differentiate risk factors for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) within the study cohort.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, multi-center case-control study involving 1054 IBD patients (765 UC, 289 CD) and asymptomatic controls.
- Data on potential risk factors were collected using questionnaires administered to both patient and control groups.
- Statistical analysis included calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each variable.
Main Results:
- Higher education, professional occupation, and annual family income exceeding 100,000 Indian rupees were significant risk factors for both UC and CD.
- A history of appendectomy and a family history of IBD were strongly associated with increased risk for both conditions.
- While a vegetarian diet showed a protective effect for UC (OR 0.29), it was a potential risk factor for CD (OR 1.179). Rural environment was a risk factor for CD.
- Smoking and chronic alcoholism were not identified as significant risk factors in this population.
Conclusions:
- Socioeconomic status, dietary patterns, appendectomy history, and family history are significant determinants of IBD risk in western India.
- These findings underscore the complex interplay between environmental, genetic, and lifestyle factors in the etiology of IBD.
- Further research can inform targeted prevention and management strategies for IBD based on identified risk factors.
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