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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.8K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

53.1K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages
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Functional Genomics in Murine Macrophages.

Frank Fang-Yao Lee1,2, Scott Alper3,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Research and Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details RNA interference (RNAi) and gene overexpression methods for mouse macrophage functional genomics. These techniques enable rapid gene function investigation before complex in vivo studies.

Keywords:
MacrophageOverexpressionRAW264.7RNAisiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Macrophages play crucial roles in immunity and disease.
  • Understanding macrophage gene function is vital for therapeutic development.
  • Current methods for gene function analysis can be time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe complementary methods for functional genomics in mouse macrophages.
  • To present gene inhibition (RNAi) and gene overexpression techniques.
  • To enable rapid investigation of candidate gene function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) for gene knockdown.
  • Employing gene overexpression for gene function enhancement.
  • Adapting these methods for medium- and high-throughput screening.

Main Results:

  • Established complementary loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches.
  • Demonstrated the applicability of these methods to mouse macrophages.
  • Provided a framework for efficient candidate gene analysis.

Conclusions:

  • RNAi and gene overexpression offer rapid, complementary functional genomics strategies.
  • These methods facilitate efficient candidate gene prioritization for further research.
  • The described techniques accelerate the study of gene function in macrophages.