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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.5K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

16.8K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction
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Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

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Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

Silvia Mazzotta1, Adam T Lynch1, Stefan Hoppler2

  • 1Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill Health Campus, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reliable protocols for generating human cardiomyocytes from stem cells are presented. These methods support cardiac repair, disease modeling, and drug development for improved heart health.

Keywords:
Human cardiomyocytesHuman embryonic stem cellsHuman heart developmentHuman induced pluripotent stem cellsHuman pluripotent stem cellsIn vitro differentiationWnt signaling

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Large-Scale Production of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Highly Reproducible Small Molecule-Based Differentiation Protocol
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Large-Scale Production of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Highly Reproducible Small Molecule-Based Differentiation Protocol

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In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells
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Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

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Large-Scale Production of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Highly Reproducible Small Molecule-Based Differentiation Protocol
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In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Human cardiomyocytes are crucial for treating heart disease and disease modeling.
  • Generating functional cardiomyocytes from stem cells is a key area of research.
  • Existing protocols require optimization for specific cell lines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide reliable protocols for differentiating human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes.
  • To offer guidance on troubleshooting and optimizing these protocols.
  • To review other differentiation protocols, including those for induced pluripotent stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.
  • Optimization and troubleshooting of differentiation protocols.
  • Review of established and adapted stem cell differentiation methods.

Main Results:

  • Established reliable protocols for generating functional human cardiomyocytes.
  • Provided practical notes for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
  • Summarized various stem cell differentiation approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The provided protocols enable the generation of functional human cardiomyocytes from stem cells.
  • These methods are valuable for cardiac repair, disease modeling, and drug discovery.
  • Optimized protocols enhance the utility of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in research and therapy.