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Differences in Brain Structure and Function Among Yoga Practitioners and Controls.

Neha P Gothe1, Jessica M Hayes2, Cindy Temali2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
|July 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experienced yoga practitioners show greater left hippocampus volume and reduced prefrontal cortex activation during working memory tasks. This suggests yoga practice influences brain structure and function related to executive functions like memory.

Keywords:
cognitionexecutive functionfMRIfrontal polemind-body exercise

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Yoga is a mind-body practice with known health benefits.
  • While yoga improves cognitive performance, its neurological basis is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in brain structure (gray matter volume) and function (brain activation) between experienced yoga practitioners and controls.
  • Specifically examining the hippocampus, thalamus, and caudate nucleus during a working memory task.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess gray matter volume and brain activation.
  • Participants included 13 experienced yoga practitioners and 13 age/sex-matched controls.
  • The Sternberg working memory task was employed to evaluate cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • Experienced yoga practitioners exhibited greater gray matter volume in the left hippocampus compared to controls.
  • Functional MRI revealed reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the encoding phase of the working memory task in yoga practitioners.
  • No significant differences were found in reaction time or accuracy on the task between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Regular, long-term yoga practice is associated with structural and functional brain differences in regions critical for executive functions, particularly working memory.
  • These findings support yoga's potential role in maintaining and enhancing cognitive health across the lifespan.
  • Further longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to confirm yoga's effects on cognitive function.