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Related Concept Videos

Endoplasmic Reticulum01:39

Endoplasmic Reticulum

109.4K
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
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Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Responses to Salt Stress02:02

Responses to Salt Stress

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Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells
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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and kidney dysfunction.

Morgan Gallazzini1,2, Nicolas Pallet1,2,3,4,5

  • 1INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.

Biology of the Cell
|July 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in kidney injury, contributing to both damage and adaptation in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review analyzes ER stress

Keywords:
acute kidney injurychronic kidney diseaseendoplasmic reticulum stressproteinuriaunfolded protein response

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue requiring better therapeutic strategies.
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly contributes to chronic histological damage in CKD.
  • Cellular responses to kidney injury involve microenvironmental changes and adaptive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in AKI and CKD pathophysiology.
  • To critically analyze evidence linking ER stress to kidney damage.
  • To explore ER stress's dual role in kidney injury and protection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on ER stress in kidney disease.

Main Results:

  • ER stress is a common cellular response to kidney injury.
  • ER stress contributes to both acute and chronic kidney damage.
  • ER stress also plays a role in cellular adaptation and nephroprotection.

Conclusions:

  • ER stress is a key mediator in the pathophysiology of AKI and CKD.
  • Understanding ER stress mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate ER stress's complex role in kidney health and disease.