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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness

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Published on: April 1, 2018

Controllable Assembly of Flexible Protein Nanotubes for Loading Multifunctional Modules.

Guibo Rao¹, Yan Fu, Na Li¹

¹University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|July 11, 2018

Summary

Researchers developed flexible protein-only nanotubes from baculovirus HearNPV capsid proteins. These novel nanoscaffolds enable high-density functional molecule presentation for diverse applications.

Keywords:

cryoelectron microscopy functionality helical reconstruction nanotube self-assembly

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Nanotechnology
Structural Biology
Virology

Background:

Filamentous viruses like tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and M13 bacteriophage serve as nanoscaffolds but require nucleic acids for assembly, limiting applications.
Existing viral nanoscaffolds have limitations in accommodating extensive molecular modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, protein-only bio-nanotube platform for versatile molecular loading.
To investigate the controllable in vitro assembly of a baculovirus capsid protein (HearNPV CP).

Main Methods:

In vitro assembly of Escherichia coli expressed Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus capsid protein (HaCP).
Functionalization via direct fusion of proteins of interest to the N-terminus of HaCP.
Structural characterization using cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM).

Main Results:

Demonstrated controllable assembly of flexible protein-only nanotubes from HaCP.
Identified two distinct but related tube structures, indicating tunable assembly and flexibility.
Showcased the platform's ability to tolerate larger molecular modifications than TMV-based systems.

Conclusions:

Flexible HaCP nanotubes offer a promising, nucleic acid-free alternative for nanoscaffold applications.
The tunable interaction network of HaCP contributes to the flexibility and versatility of the nanotubes.
This platform facilitates high-density presentation of multiple active molecules for advanced applications.