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Related Concept Videos

Gene Flow02:39

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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    Genetic testing offers insights but comes with significant challenges. Results can be uncertain, requiring repeat tests, and positive findings may trigger costly, risky follow-up diagnostics.

    Keywords:
    Genetic CounselingGenetic TestingGenomics

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    Area of Science:

    • Genetics
    • Genomics
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Consumer-based genetic testing is increasingly popular.
    • The interpretation of genetic test results presents complexities and uncertainties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the potential limitations and risks associated with consumer genetic testing.
    • To inform consumers and healthcare providers about the caveats of genetic testing.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on genetic testing accuracy and implications.
    • Analysis of the potential downstream effects of genetic test results.

    Main Results:

    • Genetic test results often contain uncertainty and require careful interpretation.
    • Non-clinical grade tests may necessitate confirmatory testing.
    • Positive genetic findings can initiate a series of further diagnostic procedures.

    Conclusions:

    • Consumers should be aware of the limitations of genetic tests.
    • Further clinical validation may be required for consumer-grade genetic tests.
    • Potential for increased healthcare costs and patient risk exists due to follow-up testing.