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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Accurate electrical conductivity values for human tissues are crucial for interpreting medical imaging data.
    • Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that measures electrical conductivity distributions.
    • Previous EIT studies may have used simplified head models, potentially leading to inaccurate conductivity estimates, particularly for the skull.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To estimate electrical conductivity of scalp, skull, compact bone, and marrow bone using electrical impedance tomography (EIT).
    • To assess the impact of skull modeling simplifications on EIT-derived conductivity values.
    • To provide updated conductivity estimates for widely used head models.

    Main Methods:

    • Collected EIT data using 62 current injection pairs from four subjects.
    • Developed five finite element (FE) head models with varying degrees of skull simplification (6-8 million elements).
    • Estimated electrical conductivity for scalp, skull, marrow bone, and compact bone tissues for each subject and model.

    Main Results:

    • Skull modeling simplifications (e.g., closed holes, simplified boundary elements, omitted CSF layer) led to conductivity overestimations of 10% to 70%.
    • Average estimated conductivities: scalp (288 ± 53 mS/m), compact bone (4.3 ± 0.08 mS/m), and whole skull (5.5 ± 1.25 mS/m).
    • Marrow bone conductivity estimates exhibited significant variability.

    Conclusions:

    • Current EIT-derived skull conductivity estimates are lower than previously reported literature values when using detailed skull models.
    • Previous in vivo EIT studies likely overestimated skull conductivity due to the use of less complex head models.
    • Recommended updated skull conductivity values (5.5 ± 1.25 mS/m) for detailed head models, replacing older literature values (7-10 mS/m).