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Togaviridae.

E G Westaway, M A Brinton, Gaidamovich SYa

    Intervirology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Togaviridae family includes Alphavirus, Rubivirus, Pestivirus, and Arterivirus genera. These viruses share structural and genomic features, with varied transmission methods like mosquito or transplacental routes.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • The Togaviridae family is a significant group of RNA viruses.
    • It comprises four distinct genera: Alphavirus, Rubivirus, Pestivirus, and Arterivirus.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the key characteristics of Togaviridae family members.
    • To detail their structure, genome, replication, and transmission.

    Main Methods:

    • Characterization of virus particle morphology and size.
    • Analysis of the viral RNA genome structure and translation mechanisms.
    • Description of viral maturation and assembly processes.

    Main Results:

    • Togaviridae viruses are enveloped, spherical particles (50-70 nm) with surface glycoproteins.

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  • The genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA (approx. 4x10^6 Da) with a 5' cap and 3' polyadenylation.
  • Maturation involves budding of nucleocapsids through cytoplasmic membranes, with structural protein translation occurring on subgenomic RNAs.

    • Conclusions:

    • Togaviridae genera share fundamental biological and structural properties.
    • Transmission routes vary, including arthropod vectors and vertical transmission.
    • Intra-genus serological relatedness is observed, but not between genera.