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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
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Minimum Volume Vitrification of Immature Feline Oocytes
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Experimental Feline Infectious Enteritis in the Germfree Cat.

M W Rohovsky1, R A Griesemer1

  • 1From the Department of Veterinary Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio.

Pathologia Veterinaria
|July 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The feline infectious enteritis virus causes mild disease in germfree cats, characterized by fever and low white blood cell counts. Recovery occurs by post-inoculation day 7, with thymus atrophy as the main lesion.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Germfree Animal Research

Background:

  • Feline infectious enteritis (FIE) is a severe disease in cats.
  • The role of the immune system and specific pathogens in FIE pathogenesis is not fully understood.
  • Germfree animal models are crucial for elucidating the effects of specific agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical and pathological effects of the feline infectious enteritis virus (FIEV) in a germfree environment.
  • To characterize the immune response to FIEV infection in the absence of confounding microbial factors.

Main Methods:

  • Germfree cats were inoculated with FIEV.
  • Clinical signs, including temperature and leukocyte counts, were monitored.
  • Post-mortem examination included gross and microscopic pathology of lymphoid tissues.

Main Results:

  • FIEV induced a mild, non-fatal disease with biphasic fever and transient lymphopenia and neutropenia.
  • Severe thymus atrophy was the primary macroscopic finding.
  • Lymphoid depletion and reticuloendothelial hyperplasia were observed in other lymphoid tissues.
  • No enteritis was detected, and no diagnostic inclusion bodies were found.

Conclusions:

  • Feline infectious enteritis virus can cause disease in the absence of other microorganisms.
  • The thymus is a primary target organ, suggesting a significant role for T-cell mediated immunity in FIEV pathogenesis.
  • The absence of enteritis in germfree cats suggests a role for secondary bacterial infection in the severe disease observed in conventional animals.