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Related Concept Videos

Locus of Control01:26

Locus of Control

227
Locus of control describes how individuals perceive the causes of events in their lives, influencing motivation and well-being. Introduced by Julian Rotter in 1954, it is categorized into internal and external locus of control.Internal Locus of ControlIndividuals with an internal locus of control believe their actions determine outcomes, fostering responsibility, self-efficacy, and motivation. For example, an employee may attribute career success to hard work. Research links this mindset to...
227
Root-Locus Method01:19

Root-Locus Method

518
A cruise control system in a car is designed to maintain a specified speed automatically by adjusting the gas pedal. The system continuously measures the vehicle's speed and makes fine adjustments to the pedal to achieve this goal. The root locus method is particularly useful for understanding how the cruise control system's behavior changes under varying conditions, such as when the car goes uphill, downhill, or faces strong wind resistance.
This system can be represented by a block...
518
Construction of Root Locus01:15

Construction of Root Locus

421
The construction of a root locus involves several key steps to analyze and visualize the behavior of a system's poles with varying gain. The number of branches in the root locus equals the number of closed-loop poles and is symmetrical about the real axis.
For positive gain values, the root locus exists on the real axis to the left of an odd number of finite open-loop poles or zeros. The root locus starts at the open-loop poles and traces the paths of the closed-loop poles as the gain...
421
Properties of the Root Locus01:05

Properties of the Root Locus

308
The root locus method is an invaluable tool for analyzing higher-order systems without needing to factor the denominator of the transfer function. A pole of the system is identified when the characteristic polynomial in the transfer function's denominator equals zero.
To determine if a point lies on the root locus, the criterion involves the sum of angles contributed by all poles and zeros to that point. Specifically, this sum must be an odd multiple of 180 degrees. The gain at any point on...
308
Rotter's Locus of Control01:14

Rotter's Locus of Control

963
Julian Rotter introduced the concept of locus of control, a cognitive factor that significantly influences personality development and learning. Locus of control refers to an individual's beliefs about the extent of control they have over events in their lives. According to Rotter, this belief system can be categorized into two types: internal and external locus of control.
Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that their personal efforts and decisions directly affect their...
963
Plotting and Calibrating the Root Locus01:19

Plotting and Calibrating the Root Locus

477
Root loci often diverge as system poles shift from the real axis to the complex plane. Key points in this transition are the breakaway and break-in points, indicating where the root locus leaves and reenters the real axis. The branches of the root locus form an angle of 180/n degrees with the real axis, where n is the number of branches at a breakaway or break-in point.
The maximum gain occurs at the breakaway points between open-loop poles on the real axis, while the minimum gain is...
477

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Related Experiment Video

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Genome Editing in Astyanax mexicanus Using Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases TALENs
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Efficient targeted integration into the bovine Rosa26 locus using TALENs.

Ming Wang1, Zhaolin Sun2, Zhiyuan Zou1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

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|July 12, 2018
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Summary

Scientists identified a bovine Rosa26 locus for stable gene expression in cattle. This safe locus enables high-level, consistent transgene expression, advancing genetic modification for agricultural and biomedical uses.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Animal Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic modification in cattle offers agricultural and biomedical benefits.
  • Random transgene integration leads to unstable expression and unpredictable outcomes.
  • Targeting 'safe loci' ensures stable, high-level gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a bovine orthologue of the mouse Rosa26 safe locus.
  • To establish a reliable method for stable transgene expression in cattle.
  • To develop novel tools for genetic engineering in cattle.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic sequence homology analysis to identify the bovine Rosa26 locus.
  • 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), RT-PCR, and qPCR to characterize the locus.
  • TALENs-mediated knock-in and RMCE for gene insertion and expression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of the bovine Rosa26 (bRosa26) locus, encoding a ubiquitous and stably expressed long noncoding RNA.
  • Successful TALENs-mediated knock-in of EGFP into the bRosa26 locus, showing ubiquitous expression from cellular to organismal levels.
  • Development of a master bRosa26-EGFP fetal fibroblast cell line for efficient and stable gene introduction via RMCE.

Conclusions:

  • The bRosa26 locus is a highly effective safe harbor for stable and high-level transgene expression in cattle.
  • The developed tools, including the bRosa26-EGFP cell line, facilitate advanced genetic engineering in cattle.
  • This research provides valuable resources for diverse applications in cattle biotechnology and research.