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Risk factors for aquiring multidrug-resistant organisms in urinary tract infections: A systematic literature review
Justin Tenney1, Nicholas Hudson2, Hazar Alnifaidy3
1School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Background:
This is the first review to analyze literature identifying risk factors for a multidrug-resistant urinary tract infection (MDR UTI). Risk factors for other infections involving multidrug-resistant organisms have been evaluated in other reviews, but they do not assess urinary tract infections. The purpose of this study is to collect currently published data to determine the most commonly and consistently identified risk factors for UTIs.
Material And Methods:
For this study, 3 independent researchers searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane database from 1966 to February 2016 for articles identifying risk factors for MDR UTI.
Results:
A total of 25 studies including 31,284 patients with positive cultures provide evidence for 12 possible risk factors for MDR UTI . The most commonly identified risk factor was previous antibiotic usage as evidenced in 16 of the 20 studies that evaluated this possible risk factor. The time range utilized to define previous antibiotic usage ranged from 2 days to 365 days. Other risk factors with the strongest supporting data were urinary catheterization, previous hospitalization, and nursing home residence.
Conclusion:
We identified 12 different possible risk factors for a MDR UTI, however several risk factors have minimal or conflicting evidence. The definitions of the risk factors varied widely among the studies, and should be standardized for future studies.
Insights
Previous antibiotic usage is the most common risk factor for multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections (MDR UTI). This review identified 12 potential risk factors for MDR UTI, highlighting the need for standardized definitions.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Urology
- Public Health
Background:
- First review to analyze risk factors specifically for multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections (MDR UTI).
- Previous reviews have evaluated risk factors for other multidrug-resistant organism infections, but not specifically UTIs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically collect and analyze published data on risk factors for MDR UTI.
- To identify the most commonly and consistently reported risk factors for MDR UTI.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases.
- Inclusion of articles published from 1966 to February 2016.
- Three independent researchers conducted the search and analysis.
Main Results:
- Identified 12 potential risk factors for MDR UTI across 25 studies involving 31,284 patients.
- Previous antibiotic usage was the most frequently identified risk factor (16/20 studies).
- Other significant risk factors included urinary catheterization, previous hospitalization, and nursing home residence.
Conclusions:
- 12 potential risk factors for MDR UTI were identified, though evidence varies for some.
- Significant heterogeneity exists in the definitions of risk factors across studies.
- Standardization of risk factor definitions is recommended for future research.
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