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Solvents

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...

Equivalent Capacitance

Equivalent Capacitance

From the study of resistive circuits, it is understood that employing a series-parallel combination serves as an effective strategy for simplifying circuits. Capacitors can be arranged within a circuit in one of two ways: a series configuration or a parallel configuration. The way these capacitors are connected to a battery will influence both the potential drop across each individual capacitor and the size of the charge that each capacitor can store. This is determined by the specific type of...

Equivalent Capacitance

Equivalent Capacitance

Multiple capacitors can be connected in a circuit in series or parallel configuration. When the capacitor combination is connected to a battery, the potential drop across each capacitor and the magnitude of charge stored in the individual capacitor depends on the type of the connection. The capacitor combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor that stores the same amount of charge as the combination for a given potential difference.
The following strategies are adopted to calculate...

Capacitors and Capacitance

Capacitors and Capacitance

A device consisting of two electrical conductors that are separated by a distance and used to store electrical charges is called a capacitor. The space between the conductors is either a vacuum or an insulating material, called a dielectric. Capacitors have many applications, ranging from filtering static from radio reception to energy storage in heart defibrillators.
When the conductors are two identical parallel plates, it is called a parallel plate capacitor. When battery terminals are...

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

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Sensitivity Enhancement of Soft Capacitive Pressure Sensors Using a Solvent Evaporation-Based Porosity Control Technique

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Solvent-Free CO₂ Capture Using Membrane Capacitive Deionization.

L Legrand^1,2, O Schaetzle¹, R C F de Kler¹

¹Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology , Oostergoweg 7 , 8911 MA Leeuwarden , The Netherlands.

Environmental Science & Technology

|July 12, 2018

Summary

This study demonstrates membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) effectively captures carbon dioxide (CO2) as bicarbonate and carbonate ions. This chemical-free method operates at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, offering a sustainable CO2 capture solution.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Chemical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is crucial for mitigating climate change.
Existing CO2 capture technologies often require high temperatures, pressures, or chemical sorbents.
A need exists for efficient, low-energy CO2 capture methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the feasibility of using membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) for direct CO2 capture.
To explore the capture of CO2 as bicarbonate and carbonate ions.
To analyze the performance of MCDI for CO2 capture under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) for CO2 capture.
Investigated the adsorption and desorption of bicarbonate and carbonate ions.
Studied the effects of current density and CO2 partial pressure on capture efficiency.
Quantified energy requirements and electrode charge utilization.

Main Results:

MCDI successfully captured CO2 by converting it to bicarbonate and carbonate ions in water.
The process operates at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without chemical additives.
55-75% of the electrical charge in capacitive electrodes directly contributed to CO2 gas absorption.
Energy consumption was approximately 40 kJ/mol at 15% CO2.

Conclusions:

MCDI presents a novel, chemical-free approach for CO2 capture.
The technology shows promise for efficient CO2 absorption at ambient conditions.
Further optimization can reduce energy losses and improve the overall efficiency of MCDI for CO2 capture.