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Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Phosphate Buffer01:22

Phosphate Buffer

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The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
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Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
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Biogenic iron oxides for phosphate removal.

Raimonda Buliauskaitė1, Philipp Wilfert2,3, Prashanth Suresh Kumar2,3

  • 1Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Environmental Technology
|July 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Biogenic iron oxides (BioFeO) show high phosphate removal capacity through multiple mechanisms, not just adsorption. These bacterial iron formations are effective for contaminant removal in environmental systems.

Keywords:
GallionellaLeptothrixPhosphateadsorptionbiogenic iron oxides

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Biogenic iron oxides (BioFeO) produced by bacteria like Leptothrix and Gallionella are potential materials for contaminant remediation.
  • Chemically formed iron oxides (ChFeO), including commercial adsorbents and natural precipitates, serve as benchmarks for comparison.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the phosphate removal and recovery capabilities of BioFeO with ChFeO.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for phosphate removal by different types of iron oxides.

Main Methods:

  • Batch experiments were conducted to assess phosphate adsorption and overall removal capacities.
  • Phosphate removal mechanisms, including adsorption, precipitation, and incorporation into bacterial structures, were investigated.

Main Results:

  • BioFeO did not exhibit superior adsorption capacities compared to ChFeO.
  • Multiple mechanisms, such as precipitation and adsorption onto released complexes, contributed to higher overall phosphate removal by BioFeO.
  • Leptothrix sp. deposits showed an overall capacity of 26.3 mg P/g d.s., with 19.6 mg P/g d.s. from suspended complexes.
  • Gallionella sp. deposits demonstrated a higher overall capacity of 39.6 mg P/g d.s., with significant phosphate incorporation into stalks (31.0 mg P/g d.s.).

Conclusions:

  • BioFeO's phosphate removal is driven by diverse mechanisms beyond simple adsorption, leading to high overall capacities.
  • The study highlights the potential of BioFeO in environmental and engineered systems for immobilizing phosphate and other contaminants.