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    Compressed sensing based synthetic transmit aperture (CS-STA) was enhanced for phased array imaging. Type-IV CS-STA using Hadamard matrices and diverging waves (DW) significantly improved image quality and reduced reconstruction time.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical imaging
    • Ultrasound technology
    • Signal processing

    Background:

    • Synthetic transmit aperture (STA) improves contrast and frame rate in linear array imaging.
    • Compressed sensing based synthetic transmit aperture (CS-STA) was previously proposed using plane waves (PWs) and uniform random matrices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To extend CS-STA for phased array imaging.
    • To evaluate different CS-STA implementations combining measurement matrices (uniform random, Hadamard) and transmitted waves (PW, DW).
    • To identify the optimal CS-STA configuration for enhanced performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed four CS-STA types with varied measurement matrices and transmitted waves.
    • Conducted simulations and phantom experiments using a 3 MHz, 64-element phased array.
    • Compared performance metrics including image quality, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and reconstruction time.

    Main Results:

    • Type-IV CS-STA (Hadamard matrix, DW) outperformed other types, including type-I CS-STA.
    • PW transmission caused discontinuity; Hadamard matrices reduced reconstruction time 100-fold compared to uniform random matrices.
    • Type-IV CS-STA achieved 8.2 dB higher CNR and 12.3 dB higher SNR in simulations (vs. STA), with an eightfold higher frame rate.
    • Spatial resolution was maintained, with deterioration < 1/8 wavelength.

    Conclusions:

    • Type-IV CS-STA offers high image quality and frame rates in phased array imaging.
    • This method shows potential benefits for applications like cardiac imaging.
    • Optimized CS-STA configurations significantly enhance ultrasound imaging capabilities.