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    Researchers developed a miniature ultrasound device for noninvasive neuromodulation in freely moving mice. This innovation enables new studies of brain circuits in awake animals, advancing neurological and psychiatric disorder treatments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Devices

    Background:

    • Neuromodulation is crucial for understanding brain circuits and developing treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
    • Ultrasound stimulation offers a promising noninvasive method for neuromodulation.
    • Existing ultrasound devices are too large for freely moving animal studies, limiting research on awake subjects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate a miniature, head-mounted ultrasound stimulator for noninvasive neuromodulation in freely moving mice.
    • To enable studies of brain function in awake, unrestrained animal models.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a lightweight, head-mounted ultrasound device incorporating a miniature piezoelectric ceramic and a concave epoxy acoustic lens.
    • Application of the device to stimulate the primary somatosensory cortex barrel field in freely moving mice.

    Main Results:

    • The miniature ultrasound device successfully induced action potentials recorded in situ.
    • Stimulation evoked observable head-turning behaviors in the mice.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of noninvasive neuromodulation in awake, freely moving mice.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed miniature ultrasound stimulator is effective for noninvasive neuromodulation in freely moving mice.
    • This technology opens new avenues for extensive neuroscience investigations using awake animal models.
    • The findings support the potential application of ultrasonic neuromodulation in broader research and therapeutic contexts.