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Related Concept Videos

Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

25.3K
Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
25.3K
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

43.3K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
43.3K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

5.0K
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
5.0K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.3K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.3K
Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases01:14

Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases

2.7K
This lesson deals with the crossed aldol reaction using weak bases. The self-condensation of an aldehyde having α hydrogen is prevented by adding it slowly to a mixture of formaldehyde and weak bases like hydroxide and alkoxide. Upon slow addition of the aldehyde, the base deprotonates the α carbon of the aldehyde to form the corresponding enolate. The enolate subsequently attacks the formaldehyde to form a single crossed product. Figure 1 depicts the aforementioned reaction.
2.7K
Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid01:20

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

9.0K
The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
9.0K

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SyMIL: MinMax Latent SVM for Weakly Labeled Data.

Thibaut Durand, Nicolas Thome, Matthieu Cord

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
    |July 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces SyMIL, a novel multiple instance learning (MIL) framework. SyMIL effectively identifies discriminative instances in both positive and negative bags, improving model performance on weakly labeled data.

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    Area of Science:

    • Machine Learning
    • Computer Vision
    • Artificial Intelligence

    Background:

    • Weakly labeled data presents a significant challenge in machine learning model development.
    • Standard multiple instance learning (MIL) frameworks often rely on specific assumptions that limit their applicability.
    • Developing robust models for tasks like object detection and text classification with limited labels is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a new multiple instance learning (MIL) framework named SyMIL.
    • To address the challenge of handling weakly labeled data by introducing a symmetric instance selection strategy.
    • To theoretically analyze the generalization properties and practically evaluate the performance of the proposed SyMIL framework.

    Main Methods:

    • SyMIL represents data as bags of instances, departing from standard MIL by employing a symmetric strategy to find discriminative instances in both positive and negative bags.
    • The core idea involves classifying bags based on the instance most distant from the hyper-plane.
    • The framework utilizes a large margin formulation, optimized via concave-convex procedure, with primal (stochastic subgradient descent) and dual (one-slack cutting-plane) optimization methods.

    Main Results:

    • SyMIL demonstrated superior performance compared to established methods like mi/MI/Latent-SVM on standard MIL and weakly supervised object detection datasets.
    • The framework achieved highly competitive results against state-of-the-art approaches.
    • Analysis of selected instances revealed insights into symmetric versus asymmetric approaches in object detection and text classification.

    Conclusions:

    • SyMIL offers a powerful new approach for multiple instance learning, particularly effective with weakly labeled data.
    • The symmetric strategy enhances discriminative instance identification, leading to improved classification accuracy.
    • SyMIL shows promise for various applications, including weakly supervised object detection and text classification, and complements existing MIL research.