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    Area of Science:

    • Computational Mathematics
    • Optimization Theory
    • Artificial Intelligence

    Background:

    • Expensive Constrained Optimization Problems (ECOPs) involve computationally intensive objective functions and constraints.
    • Existing methods often struggle with efficiency due to the high cost of function evaluations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel global and local surrogate-assisted differential evolution (DE) method for solving ECOPs with inequality constraints.
    • To significantly reduce the number of required fitness evaluations for ECOPs.

    Main Methods:

    • A two-phase approach: a global surrogate-assisted phase using DE and generalized regression neural networks, followed by a local surrogate-assisted phase employing interior point methods and radial basis functions.
    • Integration of a feasibility rule and an uncertainty-based rule to guide the search and mitigate surrogate inaccuracies.
    • Utilizing DE as a search engine and neural networks for efficient trial vector evaluation.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed method effectively reduces the number of fitness evaluations required for ECOPs.
    • Experimental results on benchmark functions and real-world cases demonstrate superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.
    • The global phase efficiently identifies promising regions, while the local phase accelerates convergence.

    Conclusions:

    • The combined global and local surrogate-assisted DE approach offers a significant improvement in solving computationally expensive optimization problems.
    • This method provides a more efficient and effective solution for ECOPs, reducing computational burden.
    • The strategy successfully balances exploration and exploitation for enhanced optimization performance.