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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

471
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
471
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

471
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
471
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

409
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
409
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

521
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
521
Velocity of an Object01:18

Velocity of an Object

207
Understanding how an object moves along a path requires distinguishing between motion over a time span and motion at a precise moment. A useful example is a vehicle traveling along a straight and level path, where its position at any given time is known. The initial step in analyzing this motion is to measure how far the vehicle travels over a fixed time period. This measurement, called average velocity, is computed by dividing the total change in position by the duration over which the change...
207
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

484
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
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IPST: Incremental Pictorial Structures for Model-free Tracking of Deformable Objects.

Grigorios G Chrysos, Epameinondas Antonakos, Stefanos Zafeiriou

    IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
    |July 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces incremental pictorial structures (IPST), a generative model for tracking deformable objects. IPST outperforms existing model-free methods in facial landmark, body, and animal tracking tasks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Machine Learning
    • Deformable Object Tracking

    Background:

    • Model-free tracking methods using bounding boxes are suboptimal for deformable objects.
    • Discriminative Deformable Part Models (DPM) are state-of-the-art but challenging to train with limited data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a generative model for improved deformable object tracking.
    • To address the limitations of current part-based tracking approaches.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized powerful pictorial structures augmented with incremental updates.
    • Developed incremental pictorial structures (IPST) for adaptive object tracking.

    Main Results:

    • IPST experimentally validated across diverse scenarios.
    • Demonstrated superior performance of IPST over model-free methods.
    • Successfully applied IPST to facial landmark, body, and animal tracking.

    Conclusions:

    • Generative models are better suited for tracking deformable objects than discriminative ones.
    • IPST offers a robust and effective solution for part-based deformable object tracking.