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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Optimal Output Consensus of High-Order Multiagent Systems With Embedded Technique.

Yutao Tang, Zhenhua Deng, Yiguang Hong

    IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
    |July 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study addresses optimal output consensus in multiagent systems. We developed an embedded control scheme to ensure agents reach a consensus on a global cost function

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    Area of Science:

    • Control Theory
    • Networked Systems
    • Optimization

    Background:

    • Multiagent systems require coordinated behavior.
    • Existing consensus problems focus on state or output agreement.
    • Higher-order agents and optimization goals present new challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate optimal output consensus for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) minimum-phase systems.
    • To extend existing consensus problems by incorporating optimization requirements.
    • To develop a control scheme ensuring consensus on a global cost function.

    Main Methods:

    • Construction of an optimal signal generator.
    • Proposal of an embedded control scheme integrating the generator into the feedback loop.
    • Development of two algorithms based on varying information availability (state vs. output feedback).

    Main Results:

    • The proposed embedded control scheme effectively addresses the optimal output consensus problem.
    • Algorithms guarantee solvability for high-order multiagent systems.
    • The approach is validated under standard assumptions for MIMO minimum-phase dynamics.

    Conclusions:

    • The embedded control technique provides a robust solution for optimal output consensus in complex multiagent networks.
    • The developed algorithms offer flexibility in information utilization for control design.
    • This work advances the field of coordinated control for distributed optimization.