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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.5K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

8.3K
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
8.3K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

7.8K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
7.8K
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

14.4K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
14.4K
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

10.9K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
10.9K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.8K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.8K

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One-channel Cell-attached Patch-clamp Recording
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Fully Automatic Multiresolution Idealization for Filtered Ion Channel Recordings: Flickering Event Detection.

Florian Pein, Inder Tecuapetla-Gomez, Ole Mathis Schutte

    IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience
    |July 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We introduce JULES, a new method for analyzing ion channel recordings. JULES accurately identifies flickering events and determines their amplitudes, improving upon traditional thresholding techniques.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Computational Biology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Ion channel recordings are crucial for understanding cellular function.
    • Existing methods like thresholding struggle to accurately analyze fast events (flickering).
    • Accurate analysis requires precise determination of event dwell times and amplitudes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel, model-free segmentation method for ion channel recordings.
    • To improve the detection and characterization of flickering events.
    • To enable precise determination of dwell times and amplitudes for small-scale events.

    Main Methods:

    • JULES combines statistical multiresolution techniques with local deconvolution.
    • The multiresolution criterion analyzes scales down to the sampling rate.
    • Local deconvolution precisely determines dwell times and amplitude levels.

    Main Results:

    • JULES successfully detects flickering events, even below filter frequencies.
    • The method precisely determines dwell times and amplitudes, outperforming thresholding.
    • Simulations and theoretical analysis confirm JULES's efficacy.
    • JULES reveals gramicidin A flickering events share amplitudes with slow gating events.

    Conclusions:

    • JULES offers a significant advancement in analyzing ion channel recordings.
    • The method enables accurate characterization of transient events.
    • JULES can serve as a preprocessing step for advanced analyses like hidden Markov models.