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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...
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Resonance02:52

Resonance

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The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of live Drosophila melanogaster using Magic Angle Spinning
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A Slice-based 13C-detected NMR Spin System Forming and Resonance Assignment Method.

Meshari Alazmi, Ahmed Abbas, Xianrong Guo

    IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
    |July 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel method for forming spin systems in 13C-detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This technique enhances accuracy in protein structure determination using computational structural biology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computational structural biology
    • Biophysical chemistry
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is increasingly vital in computational structural biology.
    • Historically, 1H-detected experiments dominated due to 1H's high sensitivity.
    • Advancements in high magnetic fields and cryoprobe technology now enable sensitive 13C-detected experiments, particularly for large proteins.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present the first spin system forming method specifically designed for 13C-detected NMR spectra.
    • To improve the accuracy and efficiency of resonance assignment and protein structure determination.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a novel spin system forming method utilizing two 13C-detected spectra: CBCACON and CBCANCO.
    • Implemented a feedback mechanism where slices from a more reliable spectrum guide slice selection in a less reliable one.
    • Tested the method on 'Ubiquitin' and a simulated dataset of 12 proteins.

    Main Results:

    • The method accurately forms spin systems using as few as two spectra.
    • Achieved 92% correct chemical shift assignment for Ubiquitin when spin systems were input into a genetic algorithm.
    • Obtained an average recall of 86% and precision of 88% for the simulated dataset.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method effectively forms spin systems for 13C-detected NMR spectra.
    • This approach facilitates accurate chemical shift assignment and protein structure determination.
    • The generated assignments for Ubiquitin led to structures closely matching experimental data via CS-ROSETTA.