Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.7K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.7K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

7.9K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.9K
Types of Hormones02:13

Types of Hormones

83.7K
Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.
83.7K
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

36.1K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
36.1K
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

48.2K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
48.2K
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

542
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
542

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Streptozotocin plus 5-fluorouracil followed by everolimus or the reverse sequence in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (SEQTOR-GETNE phase III study): a randomized clinical trial.

ESMO open·2025
Same author

Primary adrenal lymphoma: 3 case reports with different outcomes.

Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association·2011
Same author

Cross talk between stimulated NF-kappaB and the tumor suppressor p53.

Oncogene·2010
Same author

[Anterior pituitary insufficiency].

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2006
Same author

Biochemical evidence supporting the Cortina criteria.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2006
Same author

Guidelines for acromegaly management.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2002

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

778

[Substitution with thyroid hormones in the elderly : Goals and risks].

A von Werder1, K von Werder2

  • 1Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland. alexander.werdervon@mri.tum.de.

Der Internist
|July 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Levothyroxine treatment for elderly patients with subclinical hypothyroidism shows no clear benefits and carries risks. Careful monitoring of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels is crucial to avoid overtreatment and potential side effects.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular risk factorsMedical overuse, substitutionSubclinical hypothyroidismThyrotropinThyroxine

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

778
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Levothyroxine is commonly prescribed for hypothyroidism.
  • Its use in elderly patients, particularly with subclinical hypothyroidism, remains debated.
  • Overtreatment can lead to adverse effects like atrial fibrillation and fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levothyroxine in elderly patients with hypothyroidism.
  • To clarify the impact of levothyroxine on cardiovascular risk in this population.
  • To establish appropriate treatment guidelines for levothyroxine in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
  • Examination of European Thyroid Association recommendations.

Main Results:

  • A recent study found no apparent benefits of levothyroxine in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.
  • The cardiovascular risk associated with levothyroxine in subclinical hypothyroidism is not fully understood.
  • Overtreatment is linked to increased risks of fractures, neurological issues, and atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions:

  • Levothyroxine is indicated for overt hypothyroidism in the elderly with symptoms.
  • Treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly should be cautious, guided by TSH levels (>10 mIU/L) and symptoms/cardiovascular risk.
  • Therapeutic TSH range of 1.0-5.0 mIU/L and mandatory follow-up are recommended to prevent overtreatment and undertreatment.