Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026
A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training
Published on: January 20, 2019
Balance- and Strength-Training Protocols to Improve Chronic Ankle Instability Deficits, Part II: Assessing
Emily A Hall1, Andrea K Chomistek2, Jackie J Kingma3
1Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa; Departments of.
Context:
Assessing global, regional, and fear-of-reinjury outcomes in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) is critical to understanding the effectiveness of clinical interventions.
Objective:
To determine the improvement of patient-reported outcomes after balance- and strength-training and control protocols among participants with CAI.
Design:
Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Setting:
Athletic training research laboratory.
Patients Or Other Participants:
Thirty-nine volunteers with CAI who scored 11 or greater on the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability questionnaire were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: balance-training protocol (7 males, 6 females; age = 23.5 ± 6.5 years, height = 175.0 ± 8.5 cm, mass = 72.8 ± 10.9 kg), strength-training protocol (8 males, 5 females; age = 24.6 ± 7.7 years, height = 173.2 ± 9.0 cm, mass = 76.0 ± 16.2 kg), or control (6 males, 7 females; age = 24.8 ± 9.0 years, height = 175.5 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 79.1 ± 16.8 kg).
Intervention(S):
Each group met for 20 minutes, 3 times each week, for 6 weeks. The control group completed a mild to moderately strenuous bicycle workout.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Global patient-reported outcomes, regional ankle function, and perceived instability were measured using the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale, the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, and a visual analog scale for perceived instability. Participants completed the questionnaires at pretest and 6 weeks posttest. A multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance with follow-up univariate analysis was conducted. The α level was set a priori at .05.
Results:
No time-by-group interaction was found ( P = .78, η2 = 0.09). However, we observed a main effect for time ( P = .001, η2 = 0.49). Follow-up univariate analyses revealed differences between the pretest and posttest for the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale ( P = .02, η2 = 0.15), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire ( P = .001, η2 = 0.27), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Activities of Daily Living subscale ( P = .003, η2 = 0.22), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport subscale ( P = .001, η2 = 0.36), and visual analog scale ( P = .008, η2 = 0.18).
Conclusions:
Statistically, after the 6-week intervention, all groups improved in global and regional health-related quality of life. Clinicians should compare patient-reported outcomes with clinical measures to have a better understanding of progression during rehabilitation.
More Related Videos
07:52Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
Published on: September 18, 2020
07:27Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
Published on: October 6, 2016
Related Concept Videos
01:10Ankle Joint
01:24Data Reporting and Recording
02:17Microtubule Instability
02:18The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength
02:58Balancing Redox Equations
03:05Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...