Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.7K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.7K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

475
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
475
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

2.2K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
2.2K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.8K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.8K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.7K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.7K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Supplemental Oxygen Strategies in children with BronchoPulmonary Dysplasia (the SOS BPD study): statistical analysis plan for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Trials·2026
Same author

Neonatal Hypoglycemia: A Systematic Review of International and Local Clinical Guidelines with Clinical Implications.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

The association between hypoxic burden and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

Positive end-expiratory pressure levels during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth (POLAR): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

LISA or INSURE: what should we use?

European journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

Facilitators and barriers in obtaining informed consent for neonatal research: a scoping review.

European journal of pediatrics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
08:42

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: April 10, 2019

8.2K

Risk Factors for Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Prospective Multicenter Case-Control Study.

Daniel J C Berkhout1,2, Patrick Klaassen2, Hendrik J Niemarkt3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital / Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Neonatology
|July 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) risk increases with formula feeding and prolonged parenteral feeding. Early antibiotic use may reduce NEC risk in premature infants.

Keywords:
AntibioticsFormula feedingMortalityNeonatologyRisk factorsSepsis

More Related Videos

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
09:11

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: June 8, 2022

2.8K
A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
05:39

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: November 30, 2021

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
08:42

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: April 10, 2019

8.2K
In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
09:11

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: June 8, 2022

2.8K
A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
05:39

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: November 30, 2021

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal intensive care
  • Pediatric gastroenterology
  • Clinical epidemiology

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant concern in premature infants.
  • Identifying independent clinical risk factors for NEC is crucial for early detection and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify independent risk factors for NEC development in a large, multicenter cohort of preterm infants.
  • To inform targeted prevention strategies for NEC.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study across 9 neonatal intensive care units.
  • Included infants with gestational age ≤30 weeks, with data collected daily for 28 days.
  • Used univariate and multivariable analyses in a 1:5 matched case-control cohort to identify predictive factors.

Main Results:

  • Formula feeding and longer duration of parenteral feeding were associated with increased NEC risk.
  • Early antibiotic administration (within 24 hours postpartum) showed an inverse association with NEC.
  • Enteral feeding type and duration of parenteral feeding remained significant predictors in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Formula feeding and prolonged parenteral nutrition increase NEC risk in preterm infants.
  • Early antibiotic use is unexpectedly associated with a reduced risk of NEC.
  • These findings highlight modifiable factors and potential protective elements in NEC prevention.