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Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth01:29

Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth

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Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...
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Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

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Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
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Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
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Reaction Mechanisms03:06

Reaction Mechanisms

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Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Extraction of High Molecular Weight DNA from Microbial Mats
09:30

Extraction of High Molecular Weight DNA from Microbial Mats

Published on: July 7, 2011

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Disease Control in Intercropping.

Shusheng Zhu1,2, Jean-Benoît Morel3

  • 11 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions : MPMI
|July 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Intercropping, or growing plants together, can reduce plant diseases through plant-centered mechanisms. Plants can trigger resistance in neighbors via molecules and resource competition, enhancing crop protection.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Intercropping is known to reduce microbial diseases in crops.
  • Mechanisms include field-level factors like inoculum dilution.
  • Emerging evidence points to plant-centered molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore plant-centered mechanisms involved in disease reduction in intercropping systems.
  • To identify molecular and pathway-level interactions between neighboring plants.
  • To understand how interspecific plant mixtures enhance crop protection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on intercropping and plant-to-plant communication.
  • Analysis of molecular signaling pathways involved in induced resistance.
  • Conceptual framework development integrating competition and recognition theories.

Main Results:

  • Plants can induce resistance in neighbors through molecular signaling (above and belowground).
  • Plant-derived molecules may directly inhibit pathogens or trigger plant immune responses.
  • Resource competition (light, nutrients) can modulate plant immune system expression.

Conclusions:

  • Plant-centered mechanisms, including molecular signaling and competition, are crucial for disease suppression in intercropping.
  • Induced resistance and direct pathogen inhibition by neighboring plants contribute to crop protection.
  • Frameworks of nonkin/stranger recognition and competition offer avenues for future research into interspecific plant interactions.