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Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum
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The cerebellum and cognition.

Jeremy D Schmahmann1

  • 1Ataxia Unit, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA 02114, United States.

Neuroscience Letters
|July 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The cerebellum influences cognition, emotion, and autonomic functions, not just motor control. Understanding the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) is key to diagnosing and treating related neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
AtaxiaCerebellar cognitive affective/Schmahmann syndromeCerebrocerebellar connectionsDistributed neural networksDysmetria of thoughtFunctional topographyMutismNeuropsychiatrySocial cognitionUniversal cerebellar transform

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • The cerebellum's role extends beyond sensorimotor and vestibular control to encompass cognition, emotion, and autonomic functions.
  • This is supported by theories of dysmetria of thought and the universal cerebellar transform.
  • Functional topography within the cerebellum modulates distributed networks for various functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the clinical cognitive neuroscience of the cerebellum.
  • To discuss the anatomical and functional basis of cerebellar contributions to neurological function.
  • To highlight the significance of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) in clinical neurology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of tract tracing experiments in animal models.
  • Analysis of functional imaging observations in humans.
  • Structure-function correlation studies following focal cerebellar lesions in adults and children.

Main Results:

  • Sensorimotor functions are localized in the anterior lobe and lobule VIII, with lesions causing cerebellar motor syndrome.
  • Cognitive and limbic functions are associated with the posterior lobe, where lesions lead to the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS).
  • CCAS is characterized by deficits in executive function, visuospatial processing, language, and affect regulation.

Conclusions:

  • The cerebellum's influence on cognition and emotion is increasingly recognized.
  • Identifying CCAS is crucial for understanding and managing neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders linked to the cerebellum.
  • A validated scale for detecting CCAS in real-time will enhance clinical understanding and treatment development.