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Infection and immunity with a virus isolate from turkeys.

R W Winterfield, W M Reed, H L Thacker

    Poultry Science
    |November 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new avian pox virus isolate from turkeys, NC5271, was found to be different from other pox viruses. Vaccines must use the homologous isolate to protect against infection in turkey breeders.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Avian Pathology

    Background:

    • Avian pox viruses cause significant economic losses in poultry farming.
    • Commercial fowl pox vaccines are widely used but may not protect against all field isolates.
    • Cutaneous pox lesions were observed in turkey breeders despite multiple vaccinations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize a novel avian pox virus isolate from vaccinated turkey breeders.
    • To evaluate the cross-immunogenicity of the isolate against other avian pox viruses.
    • To determine the efficacy of homologous vaccination for protection.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and identification of the avian pox virus from turkey lesions.
    • Cross-immunization experiments in turkeys and chickens using the isolate and other pox viruses.

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  • Assessment of protection against homologous and heterologous virus challenge.
  • Main Results:

    • The turkey pox isolate, NC5271, demonstrated significant immunological differences from fowl, pigeon, and quail pox viruses.
    • Homologous vaccination with the NC5271 isolate provided significant protection against infection.
    • Heterologous vaccination did not confer significant protection, indicating a lack of cross-immunity.

    Conclusions:

    • The NC5271 isolate represents a distinct antigenic type of avian pox virus.
    • Current commercial fowl pox vaccines may be insufficient for controlling this specific turkey pox strain.
    • Development of a homologous vaccine is potentially necessary for effective disease control in turkey flocks.