Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

14.1K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
14.1K
Mathematical Induction01:29

Mathematical Induction

279
Mathematical induction is a structured method of proof used to confirm the truth of statements involving natural numbers. Consider the sum of the first n natural numbers:This formula describes a pattern that appears to hold true as more terms are added. To verify that it is valid for all natural numbers, mathematical induction proceeds in two essential steps. The first is the base case, where the formula is tested for the initial value, typically n = 1. Substituting into both sides confirms the...
279
Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Mathematical Expressions and Units01:19

Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Mathematical Expressions and Units

1.6K
Mathematical principles play a crucial role in pharmacokinetics, providing a framework for understanding and quantifying drug distribution and elimination dynamics in the body. By utilizing mathematical expressions and units, pharmacologists can accurately characterize the behavior of drugs, optimize dosing regimens, and predict therapeutic outcomes.
One significant application of mathematics in pharmacokinetics is the characterization of drug distribution through the volume of distribution...
1.6K
Mathematical Modeling: Problem Solving01:29

Mathematical Modeling: Problem Solving

379
Mathematical modeling transforms real-world scenarios into mathematical expressions, allowing for structured problem-solving and analysis. This process involves defining the situation, assigning variables to measurable quantities, selecting an appropriate model, and solving the resulting equation. Such models are invaluable in finance, providing precise methods to evaluate investments, loans, and repayment structures.A widely used example is the calculation of fixed monthly payments on a loan,...
379
Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Calculus and Graphs01:21

Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Calculus and Graphs

3.2K
The fundamental mathematical principles, such as calculus and graphs, play crucial roles in analyzing drug movement and determining pharmacokinetic parameters. Differential calculus examines rates of change and helps to determine the dissolution rate of drugs in biofluids, as well as how drug concentrations change over time. For instance, it can help calculate the rate of elimination of a drug from the body based on its concentration-time profile.
On the other hand, integral calculus focuses on...
3.2K
Data Validation01:15

Data Validation

2.1K
Method validation is a crucial process in analytical chemistry designed to confirm that a given method consistently produces reliable and high-quality results. This process is essential when a method is applied to different sample matrices or when procedural modifications are made, ensuring that the results meet acceptable standards across various applications.
Key parameters for method validation include:
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Resonance Tube Therapy as a Novel Approach to Enhance Velopharyngeal Function.

Journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026
Same author

Automated cassette-based synthesis, metabolism, and dosimetry of [<sup>18</sup>F]ApaScan, a PET tracer for aldosterone synthase imaging.

Nuclear medicine and biology·2026
Same author

Soil stabilization using nanofibers of cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, and chitin: Comparative efficiency and strength enhancement strategies.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Simultaneous identification of 50 illegal adulterants in dietary supplements using high-performance liquid chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis·2025
Same author

Morphological approaches for optimizing lateral knee radiographs in normal knees and knees with osteoarthritis.

Radiological physics and technology·2025
Same author

Evaluation of vascular calcification and Vessel Wall in patients with lower extremity artery disease using CT-like imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol
07:59

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol

Published on: September 7, 2018

12.1K

Validation of Optimum ROI Size for 123I-FP-CIT SPECT Imaging Using a 3D Mathematical Cylinder Phantom.

Hideo Onishi1, Takayuki Sakai2, Osamu Shiromoto1

  • 1Program in Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.

Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Biology
|July 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The Southampton method accurately corrects for partial volume effect (PVE) in striatum imaging. Optimal region of interest (ROI) size is 2-4 times the target size for reliable specific binding ratio (SBR) measurements.

Keywords:
Partial volume effectSouthampton methodSpecific binding ratio

More Related Videos

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods
09:49

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

Published on: April 24, 2020

10.5K
Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue
05:11

Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue

Published on: January 11, 2020

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol
07:59

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol

Published on: September 7, 2018

12.1K
A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods
09:49

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

Published on: April 24, 2020

10.5K
Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue
05:11

Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue

Published on: January 11, 2020

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Medical Imaging Analysis

Background:

  • Partial volume effect (PVE) in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) leads to underestimation of specific binding ratio (SBR) in corpus striatum imaging.
  • The Southampton method, utilizing large regions of interest (ROIs), is proposed to be independent of PVE for SBR.
  • Accurate SBR quantification is crucial for reliable interpretation of striatal SPECT imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal ROI size for accurate contrast and SBR measurements in striatal SPECT imaging.
  • To validate the efficacy of the Southampton method in mitigating PVE using a three-dimensional mathematical cylinder (3D-MAC) phantom.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated various ROI sizes (27-76 mm) against different target diameters (40, 20, 10 mm) using a 3D-MAC phantom.
  • Compared contrast and SBR values derived from ROIs with theoretical values to identify optimal ROI dimensions.
  • Reconstructed and analyzed reference and processed images from the phantom study.

Main Results:

  • Optimal ROI sizes for matching theoretical contrast values were 51 mm for a 40 mm target and 44 mm for a 20 mm target.
  • SBR matched theoretical values with ROIs > 44 mm for the 20 mm target, but other conditions showed under- or overestimation.
  • The 10 mm target diameter did not yield consistent results across tested ROI sizes.

Conclusions:

  • An ROI size 2-4 times the target size is recommended to minimize PVE in striatal imaging.
  • The Southampton method demonstrated remarkable accuracy in correcting for PVE in SBR measurements.
  • Proper ROI selection is critical for accurate quantitative analysis in SPECT imaging.