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Corticotropin releasing factor: basic studies and clinical applications.

G P Chrousos, J R Calabrese, P Avgerinos

    Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
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    Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) stimulates hormone release in primates and humans. Intravenous CRF is long-acting, while intracerebroventricular administration activates the HPA axis without systemic effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Hormone Regulation

    Background:

    • Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is a peptide hormone modulating the pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system.
    • CRF's role in regulating key endocrine functions requires detailed investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the physiological effects and pharmacokinetic properties of CRF in non-human primates and humans.
    • To assess CRF's impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and related hormone secretion.

    Main Methods:

    • Administered CRF intravenously, intramuscularly, and intracerebroventricularly to primates, measuring plasma ACTH, beta-endorphin, cortisol, GH, and PRL.
    • Assessed CRF pharmacokinetics and hormone responses in humans (volunteers and patients with HPA axis disorders or depression).

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    Main Results:

    • Intravenous CRF in primates and humans demonstrated slow metabolism and prolonged ACTH, beta-endorphin, and cortisol secretion.
    • Intracerebroventricular CRF stimulated the primate HPA axis effectively, with active clearance within the CNS and minimal plasma escape.
    • Intravenous continuous infusion of CRF showed mild ACTH stimulation, potentially due to intact cortisol negative feedback.

    Conclusions:

    • CRF acts as a potent secretagogue for ACTH, beta-endorphin, and cortisol, with distinct effects based on administration route.
    • CRF does not significantly cross the blood-brain barrier when administered intravenously.
    • CRF administration elicits characteristic hormonal profiles in patients with conditions like Cushing's disease, adrenal insufficiency, and depression.