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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb
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HELLP Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Current Therapies.

Kedra Wallace1, Sharonda Harris2, Augustina Addison1

  • 1University of Mississippi Medical Center, Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2500 N. State St. Jackson Mississippi 39216, United States.

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|July 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

HELLP syndrome, a severe pregnancy complication, requires prompt diagnosis and delivery. While corticosteroids show promise, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness in improving maternal and fetal outcomes.

Keywords:
HELLP syndromecomplementcorticosteroidshypertensionpreeclampsiathrombocytopenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • HELLP syndrome presents significant risks for maternal morbidity and mortality.
  • Accurate differentiation from similar pregnancy disorders like acute fatty liver of pregnancy is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Current management focuses on maternal stabilization and delivery, with no definitive cure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review differential diagnoses for HELLP syndrome.
  • To examine treatment strategies, including corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and heparin.
  • To discuss the role of the complement system in HELLP syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies and controversies regarding HELLP syndrome treatments.
  • Analysis of differential diagnoses including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
  • Examination of the complement system's involvement in HELLP.

Main Results:

  • Distinguishing HELLP syndrome from other conditions can be challenging, potentially delaying treatment.
  • Corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and heparin have been explored as treatments with varying evidence.
  • The role of the complement system in HELLP pathogenesis requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal stabilization and prompt delivery remain the cornerstone of HELLP syndrome management.
  • Evidence supporting the use of corticosteroids for HELLP requires further validation through large randomized controlled trials.
  • Improved understanding and treatment strategies are essential to enhance maternal and fetal outcomes in HELLP syndrome.