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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials
Published on: January 10, 2025
Surface properties and color stability of dental flowable composites influenced by simulated toothbrushing
Guangyun Lai1,2, Liya Zhao3, Jun Wang1,2
1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
Abstract:
This study evaluated surface gloss, roughness and color change of six current flowable composites after simulated toothbrushing, including four traditional flowable composites (i.e. GrandioSO Flow, Arabesk Flow, Kerr Revolution Formula 2 and Gradia Direct LoFlo), one self-adhering flowable composite (Kerr Vertise Flow) and one universal injectable composite (G-ænial Universal Flo). Forty-eight dimensionally standardized specimens (n=8/group) were made from six composites. Before and after 1 h toothbrushing simulation, surface gloss was measured with a glossmeter, and surface roughness was evaluated with a profilometer, and color was measured with a spectrophotometer. In this study, G-ænial Universal Flo, termed as universal injectable composite by the manufacturer, presented excellent surface properties after toothbrush abrasion; Gradia Direct LoFlo showed excellent color stablity after toothbrush abrasion; color alteration of composites caused by toothbrush abrasion was acceptable on the premise that 3.3∆E units were considered as acceptable threshold values.
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