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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis.

Sara De Vincentis1,2, Maria L Monzani1,2, Giulia Brigante3,2

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Summary

The gonadotropin and thyroid axes, crucial for reproduction and metabolism, intricately dialogue. Structural similarities between these hormones and their receptors facilitate interactions, impacting development and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Metabolic Science

Background:

  • The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes are traditionally viewed as parallel systems.
  • Emerging evidence suggests significant crosstalk and interaction between these critical endocrine axes.
  • Structural similarities between gonadotropins and thyroid hormones, and their receptors, hint at shared evolutionary origins and functional interplay.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence demonstrating the crosstalk between the gonadotropin and thyroid axes.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this interaction, particularly at the receptor level.
  • To explore the clinical implications of this crosstalk in both males and females, with a focus on polycystic ovary syndrome and pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the relationship between gonadotropins and thyroid hormones.
  • Analysis of structural similarities between hormones and receptors.
  • Examination of clinical data linking thyroid dysfunction to gonadal disorders.
  • Focus on specific female reproductive conditions: polycystic ovary syndrome and pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • Structural similarities between gonadotropins and thyroid hormones facilitate receptor-level interactions.
  • Thyroid hormones significantly influence gonadal development and function throughout life.
  • Altered thyroid hormone levels are associated with various gonadal disorders, particularly during puberty and fertile years.
  • Specific impacts on female reproduction include polycystic ovary syndrome and pregnancy complications.

Conclusions:

  • The gonadotropin and thyroid axes are not independent but engage in significant dialogue.
  • This crosstalk, driven by structural similarities, has profound implications for reproductive health.
  • Understanding this interaction is crucial for managing gonadal disorders, especially in conditions like PCOS and during pregnancy.