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Cognate effects on anaphor processing.

Justin Lauro1, Ana I Schwartz1

  • 1Department of Psychology.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|July 13, 2018
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Summary

Bilinguals process cognates faster than non-cognates, aiding comprehension of pronouns and their referents. This cross-language activation impacts how bilinguals understand sentences, especially with cognate words.

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Bilingualism Research

Background:

  • Bilingual lexical access is often language nonselective, with cognates processed faster than non-cognates.
  • Cross-language activation in bilinguals may extend beyond single words to larger units of meaning.
  • Understanding anaphoric reference comprehension is crucial for evaluating sentence-level processing in bilinguals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cross-language activation influences the comprehension of anaphoric references in bilinguals.
  • To examine the role of cognate status in the processing of nouns and subsequent anaphoric resolution.
  • To compare these effects in both English and Spanish, two languages with significant cognate overlap.

Main Methods:

  • Eye-tracking methodology was employed to record reading patterns of highly proficient Spanish-English bilinguals.

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  • Participants read sentences containing either cognate or non-cognate noun pairs and an anaphoric pronoun.
  • Sentence structures manipulated noun order and anaphor referent to assess processing of cognates and references.

    • Main Results:

    • Cognate status facilitated noun selection and pronoun processing, indicated by reduced reading times and increased skipping rates.
    • Facilitation effects for cognates on anaphoric reference were observed, particularly when referring to the first-mentioned noun in English.
    • In Spanish, cognate facilitation was more general, affecting reading times irrespective of noun order, with specific effects on coreferencing the second noun.

    Conclusions:

    • Cross-language activation, influenced by cognate status, impacts comprehension of anaphoric references in bilinguals.
    • Findings suggest that cognate facilitation affects both initial lexical access and the resolution of larger linguistic structures.
    • The study provides insights into bilingual sentence processing, supporting theories of nonselective lexical access and cross-language interaction.