Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adjusting a Traverse01:12

Adjusting a Traverse

387
In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
387
The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

142.9K
Overview
142.9K
Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations01:25

Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations

342
Traverse angle computations are a critical component of surveying, used to compute the internal angles within a closed traverse. A traverse consists of a series of connected lines forming a closed loop, often used for land boundary delineation or mapping. Calculating the internal angles ensures accuracy in the traverse geometry and is essential for checking survey data integrity.The process begins with known azimuths and bearings of the traverse sides. Internal angles at each vertex are...
342
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

47.0K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
47.0K
Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

21.9K
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
21.9K
Resting Potential Decay01:15

Resting Potential Decay

6.5K
The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
At rest, the K+ is the main ion that moves across the membrane...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cross-sectional study of mechanism of arterial pulsation amplitude modulation under ultrasound probe compression: Similarities and differences compared with the oscillometric blood pressure measurement principle.

Medicine·2026
Same author

Distributed cortical network dynamics of binocular convergent eye movements in humans.

Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

A computational mechanism linking momentary craving and decision-making in alcohol drinkers and cannabis users.

Nature. Mental health·2026
Same author

The need for verification in artificial intelligence-driven scientific discovery.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same author

Fatal nicotine poisoning with an extremely high first available serum nicotine concentration and serial nicotine/cotinine measurements: A case report.

Toxicology reports·2026
Same author

Spontaneous tauopathy with parkinsonism in an aged cynomolgus macaque.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Dissecting the Non-human Primate Brain in Stereotaxic Space
09:09

Dissecting the Non-human Primate Brain in Stereotaxic Space

Published on: July 16, 2009

10.6K

The Human Brain Traverses a Common Activation-Pattern State Space Across Task and Rest.

Richard H Chen1,2, Takuya Ito1,2, Kaustubh R Kulkarni1

  • 1Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey.

Brain Connectivity
|July 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Brain activity during rest exhibits a hierarchical organization, with distinct "task-positive" and "task-negative" states. Task-positive activity occurs frequently during rest, challenging traditional views.

Keywords:
community detectiondynamicsfMRIgraph theoryresting-state

More Related Videos

Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks
10:07

Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks

Published on: December 2, 2015

27.9K
Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
12:04

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Published on: January 6, 2011

13.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Dissecting the Non-human Primate Brain in Stereotaxic Space
09:09

Dissecting the Non-human Primate Brain in Stereotaxic Space

Published on: July 16, 2009

10.6K
Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks
10:07

Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks

Published on: December 2, 2015

27.9K
Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
12:04

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Published on: January 6, 2011

13.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Cognitive brain processes are typically studied during task-constrained states, overlooking the significance of unconstrained rest states.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses commonly use activation amplitude patterns for tasks but not for rest states.
  • Comparing rest and task fMRI data requires standardized analytical approaches for activation patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic organization of spontaneous brain activity during unconstrained rest states.
  • To identify and characterize distinct whole-brain activation pattern states during rest.
  • To compare the nature of rest states with task-related activation patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of spontaneous changes in temporally extended whole-brain activation-pattern states during rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Focus on activation amplitude patterns to enable comparison between rest and task data.
  • Identification of a hierarchical organization within rest states.

Main Results:

  • Identified a hierarchical organization of spontaneous brain activity states during rest.
  • Discovered two dominant competing states at the top of the hierarchy, consistent with 'task-positive' and 'task-negative' patterns.
  • Found that 'task-positive' states occurred approximately 40% of the time during rest, indicating task-focused activity can occur spontaneously.

Conclusions:

  • Brain activation dynamics exhibit a general hierarchy across both task and rest states.
  • Resting brain activity is not solely characterized by 'task-negative' states; 'task-positive' states are prevalent.
  • The identified states suggest a fundamental organization of brain function applicable to both active tasks and spontaneous rest.