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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

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The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
The multipass transmembrane proteins are the type IV integral membrane proteins with multiple topogenic sequences determining their spatial arrangement in the ER membrane. Nearly all multipass proteins lack a cleavable signal sequence and use...
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Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

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In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

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Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
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Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

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Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
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Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

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[Multi-Pass Absorption Spectroscopy for CO Detection Using a Quantum Cascaded Laser].

Chun-guang Li, Jing-,om Dang, Chen Chen

    Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
    |July 13, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new Carbon Monoxide (CO) sensor utilizes a Quantum Cascaded Laser (QCL) and a Multi-pass Gas Cell (MGC) for highly sensitive detection. This room-temperature, pulsed system achieves a detection limit of 5 μmol·mol⁻¹, enhancing gas analysis capabilities.

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    Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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    Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy TIRAS for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface
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    Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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    Area of Science:

    • Gas sensor technology
    • Spectroscopy
    • Laser instrumentation

    Background:

    • Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a critical gas with significant environmental and safety implications.
    • Accurate and sensitive CO detection is essential for various applications, including environmental monitoring and industrial safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and develop a novel, highly sensitive CO sensor.
    • To leverage Quantum Cascaded Laser (QCL) technology and Multi-pass Gas Cell (MGC) for improved CO detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a QCL with a central wavelength of 4.75 μm, operating in pulse mode at room temperature.
    • Employed a novel MGC with a 16-meter effective optical path length and mercury cadmium telluride detectors.
    • Incorporated a reference gas cell and spatial filtering to enhance beam quality and reduce noise.

    Main Results:

    • The sensor operates stably and demonstrates high sensitivity due to the MGC and optimized QCL wavelength.
    • Achieved a detection limit of 5 μmol·mol⁻¹ at a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.
    • The system effectively reduced noise and improved beam quality through advanced optical structures.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed QCL-based CO sensor offers a sensitive and stable solution for gas detection.
    • The combination of QCL, MGC, and noise reduction techniques significantly enhances detection performance.
    • This novel sensor design holds promise for improved environmental and industrial CO monitoring.