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Approximation processes in arithmetic in old adulthood.

Dana Ganor-Stern¹

¹Psychology Department, Achva Academic College, Achva, Israel.

|July 13, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults, despite being slower, showed greater accuracy in estimating multidigit multiplication results than younger adults. Their estimation was less influenced by the numerical distance to the answer, indicating strategy differences.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience of Aging
Human Cognition

Background:

Cognitive abilities, including numerical estimation, can change with age.
Understanding age-related differences in mental calculation strategies is crucial for cognitive research.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the mental calculation performance of young and old adults on multidigit multiplication estimation.
To investigate age-related differences in strategy use and their impact on estimation accuracy and speed.

Main Methods:

Participants (young and old adults) estimated the results of multidigit multiplication problems relative to a reference number.
Performance metrics included accuracy, response time, and strategy use (approximated calculation vs. sense of magnitude).

Main Results:

Old adults were slower but more accurate than young adults in estimation tasks.
The effect of numerical distance between the reference number and the exact answer was smaller for old adults.
Old adults exhibited a stronger preference for the approximated calculation strategy.

Conclusions:

Older adults' extensive experience with mental calculation may contribute to their higher accuracy and strategic preferences.
Age-related declines in processing speed and working memory resources likely account for slower response times in older adults.
Cognitive aging impacts numerical estimation through a combination of experience-driven strategy shifts and resource limitations.