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What is an Experiment?

What is an Experiment?

An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...

Thomson's e/m Experiment

Thomson's e/m Experiment

In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The magnetic...

Controls in Experiments

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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...

Randomized Experiments

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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Crossover Experiments

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Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
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The Stanford Prison Experiment

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The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

Published on: March 2, 2011

Single aortic branch device: the Mona LSA experience.

Hervé Rousseau¹, Paul Revel-Mouroz², Bertrand Saint Lebes³

¹Department of Radiology, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France - rousseau.h@chu-toulouse.fr.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

|July 14, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Branched stent-grafts offer promising endovascular solutions for complex aortic arch diseases. These advanced devices aim to improve treatment for patients with challenging anatomy and vital branch vessels.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

Published on: March 2, 2011

Aortic Ring Assay

Aortic Ring Assay

Published on: November 24, 2009

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cardiac Procedure Testing Prior to Embarking on Large Animal Studies

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cardiac Procedure Testing Prior to Embarking on Large Animal Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

Vascular Surgery
Interventional Cardiology
Medical Device Technology

Background:

Aortic arch pathologies present significant endovascular treatment challenges due to complex anatomy and critical branch vessels.
Existing endovascular repair methods often struggle with inadequate proximal landing zones in the aortic arch.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current and emerging endovascular strategies for aortic arch pathologies.
To focus on the application and evaluation of branched stent-grafts, including the Valiant Mona LSA device.

Main Methods:

Overview of endovascular repair techniques for supra-aortic trunks, including hybrid repair, chimney/snorkel grafts, fenestrated, and branched stent-grafts.
Detailed description of the technical aspects and deployment procedures for Valiant Mona LSA and W.L. Gore arch branch devices.
Review of premarket trial results for the Mona LSA branched stent-graft.

Main Results:

Branched stent-grafts are identified as a promising option for aortic arch pathologies requiring revascularization of supra-aortic trunks or having insufficient proximal landing zones.
Initial results from the Mona LSA premarket trial are presented, indicating potential efficacy.

Conclusions:

Branched stent-grafts represent a significant advancement in treating complex aortic arch diseases.
Further research is necessary to define precise indications, long-term outcomes, and safety profiles for these devices.