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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Second Order systems II

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In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Combination therapy for systemic sclerosis-associated pneumatosis intestinalis.

Kanyada Koysombat¹, Maria Vittoria Capanna¹, Nina Stafford¹

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.

BMJ Case Reports

|July 14, 2018

Summary

Systemic sclerosis can cause pneumatosis intestinalis, a rare condition. This case shows successful medical management using antibiotics, an elemental diet, and oxygen therapy, avoiding surgery.

Keywords:

antibiotic therapy connective tissue disease elemental diet enteric microflora oxygen therapy pneumatosis intestinalis systemic sclerosis

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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Rheumatology
Radiology

Background:

Systemic sclerosis is a multisystem autoimmune disease.
Gastrointestinal involvement is common but pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare complication.
Management of pneumatosis intestinalis in systemic sclerosis lacks established guidelines.

Observation:

A patient with gastrointestinal systemic sclerosis presented with abdominal pain.
The patient was diagnosed with pneumatosis intestinalis and pneumoperitoneum.
Recurrent emergency attendances indicated a need for effective management.

Findings:

Successful medical management was achieved with a combination of antimicrobial therapy, elemental diet, and high-flow oxygen.
Computed tomography (CT) imaging confirmed the resolution of pneumatosis intestinalis and pneumoperitoneum.
This represents the first reported case of symptomatic and radiological improvement with this combination therapy without surgical intervention.

Implications:

This case highlights a potential non-surgical treatment strategy for pneumatosis intestinalis in systemic sclerosis.
The findings may inform future clinical practice and research into managing this rare complication.
Further investigation is warranted to validate this therapeutic approach in a larger cohort.